ABSTRACT
The transportation of electron is inseparable from vacuum environment. The maintenance of the vacuum system of Elekta linear accelerator depends on two sputtering ionic pumps at the gun end and the target end. The traveling wave acceleration were used in Elekta linear accelerators. And the design of the electron gun filament is detachable. Because of these two reasons, the vacuum stability is relatively weak. Only two vacuum values are used to reflect the operation state of the whole vacuum system, which causes a few failures but will not trigger a the machine interlock. Considering the complexity of whole vacuum system, the problem of vacuum caused by the failure of various components in vacuum system is analyzed in this paper. It is hoped that some useful repairing experience and suggestions for the maintenance engineers of linear accelerator to solve the vacuum fault and rebuild the vacuum can be provided quickly.
Subject(s)
Electrons , Particle Accelerators , Radiotherapy Dosage , VacuumABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de cánulas endometriales conectadas a un sistema de aspiración para la toma de biopsia endocervical comparándola con cureta de Duncan. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal y comparativo. Se incluyeron 126 pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Ginecología de la Maternidad Concepción Palacios, con indicación para biopsia endocervical, distribuidas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo A: se realizó biopsia endocervical con cureta de Duncan y grupo B: se utilizó cánula endometrial con aspiración. Se registraron antecedentes, se evaluaron percepción del dolor, mediante escala análoga de 0 a 10, cantidad, calidad de la muestra y hallazgos histopatológicos. Resultados: Las principales indicaciones de la biopsia endocervical para ambos grupos fueron citología anormal sin o con cambios colposcópicos: 33 pacientes del grupo A y 26 del grupo B. En ambos grupos predominaron pacientes que presentaron dolor moderado (52,2 % y 67,7 %). Diecinueve mujeres (28,3 %) manifestaron dolor severo, cuando se tomó biopsia con cureta de Duncan y 3 (5,0 %) cuando se utilizó cánula endometrial (P<0,005). Se obtuvo epitelio de revestimiento, glandular y estroma en 50,7 % y 49,1 % respectivamente (P=0,156). La presencia de componente hemorrágico predominante fue nula o escasa en ambos grupos (P=0,166). Se obtuvo mayor cantidad de material con la cánula de aspiración (P=0,001). La muestra fue insuficiente para interpretación diagnóstica o solo tejido endometrial en 25,3 % y 27,2 % (P=0,294). Conclusiones: La biopsia con cánula endometrial fue mejor tolerada, manteniendo la misma calidad de muestra.
Objective: To evaluate the use of endometrial cannula connected to a vacuum system for endocervical biopsy curette compared with Duncan and investigate factors. Method: Prospective, experimental, transversal and comparative study. It included a sample of 126 patients were seen at the Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology of Gynecology Maternity Concepción Palacios, between April 2011 and April 2012, they had an indication for biopsy endocervical. A history and clinical data related to pain perception through analog scale of 0 to 10. We assessed the quantity, quality of the sample and histopathology findings. Results: The main indications for endocervical biopsy for both groups were abnormal cytology with or without colposcopic abnormal findings (33 in group A and 26 in group B). Both groups showed a predominance of moderate pain patients (52.2 % and 67.7 %). There were 19 women (28.3 %) who reported severe pain, when we use Duncan curette biopsy and 3 patients (5.0 %) when endometrial cannula was used (P <0.005). In both groups, we obtain glandular epithelium lining and stroma (50.7.% y 49.1.%). The presence of predominantly hemorrhagic component was nil or low in both groups (P = 0.166). There was greater amount of material with the suction cannula (P = 0.001). Interpretation was considered insufficient for diagnosis or just was represented by endometrial tissue in 25.3 % in group A and 27.2 % in group B (P> 0.05). Conclusions: The biopsy taken with endometrial cannulas was more tolerated by patients, maintaining the same quality sample for diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Exchange maintenance methods of Hitachi electron microscope H-600 faults, master the workflow of vacuum system, and improve maintenance level together. Analyzed some cases of troubleshooting to Hitachi electron microscope H-600, collected troubleshooting skills, and gives related solutions.